KA Commuter line is a commuter rail system for Jakarta Metropolitan Area in Indonesia. Commonly known as Commuter line or KRL synonym (Indonesian: Kereta Rel Listrik) for Electric multiple unit (EMU). Jabodetabek refers to Jakarta metropolitan area, which is formed by combining the first syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, (Greater) Tangerang and Bekasi, which also represent Commuter line's operational area. Though at present the service extended beyond Jabodetabek to Rangkasbitung in Banten and Cikarang in Bekasi Regency.
It is operated by PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia (KCI), a subsidiary of the Indonesian national railway company PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI). The name of the operator changed to PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia (KCI) from previous PT KAI Commuter Jabodetabek (KCJ) since 19 September 2017.
The current rolling stock are composed by used Japanese trains from Tokyo Metro, Toyo Rapid, Japan Railways and Tokyu, with local-produced trains from Industri Kereta Api (INKA).
The rail system uses metro/rapid transit rolling stock standard and operates at high frequency with a minimum headway.
Video Kereta Commuter Indonesia
History
Colonial era
In 1917, a plan to introduce electrified railway in Batavia was made by Staatspoorwegen (SS), Dutch colonial railways company. The railway between Tanjung Priok to Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) was the first line to be electrified. The construction began in 1923 and completed on 24 December 1924. The line was opened on 6 April 1925--in time for the SS 50th anniversary--with 3000-series locomotives from SLM-BBC (Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works - Brown Boveri & Cie), 3100-series electric locomotives from AEG Germany, 3200-series locomotives from Werkspoor Netherlands and passenger coaches from Westinghouse and General Electric.
The electrification project continued and on 1 May 1927, all rail lines that surround Batavia has been fully electrified. Batavia Zuid station (now Jakarta Kota), closed temporarily in 1926, was reopened on 8 October 1929. The last part of the electrification project, Batavia Zuid - Buitenzorg, was completed in 1930. After independence in 1945, the railway operation was taken over by DKA (Djawatan Kereta Api Repoeblik Indonesia/ Indonesian Railways Bureau, now PT Kereta Api).
Decline and revival
Transportation in Djakarta was at its lowest point during the 1960s. Tramways in Jakarta were closed in 1960 and in November 1966, railway traffic on Manggarai - Jakarta Kota was restricted. The electric train services were closed in late 1965.
Electric service was revived in 1972. On 16 May 1972, PNKA (Perusahaan Nasional Kereta Api, successor of DKA) ordered 10 new sets of electric multiple units from Japan. The new trains, built by Nippon Sharyo, arrived in 1976 and replaced the old locomotives and coaches. Sets consisted of four cars each, with capacity of 134 passengers per car. Those new trains (commonly known as KRL Rheostatik) will continue serving the passengers in Jakarta for the next 37 years. PNKA (later PJKA and Perumka) continued importing trains from Japan, South Korea and Netherlands until the late 1990s.
In May 2000 the government of Japan via JICA and Tokyo Metropolitan Government donated 72 units of used Toei 6000 trains, formerly operating on Toei Mita Line. These were the first air-conditioned electric train in Indonesia. The new trains were operated on 25 August 2000 for express services.
Commuter Line era
The current form of electric train service in Jakarta was begun in 2008. Jabodetabek Division, a sub-unit of Kereta Api Indonesia that handles commuter service around Jabodetabek, spun-off to form KAI Commuterline Jabodetabek (KCJ). Ticket revenues, rolling stock maintenance, and station management was transferred to the newly formed subsidiary, but all operational matters (e.g. scheduling and dispatching), rolling stock, stations and infrastructures remained under KAI's responsibility.
The modernization of the commuter railway system, however, did not begin until 2011. In 2011, the number of lines are greatly reduced from 37 point-to-point routes to six integrated lines (known as Loop line system'), express services are removed, and the service are simplified into two service classes: economy class (cheaper service without air conditioning, subsidized by Ministry of Transportation) and Commuter class (more expensive service with air conditioning), both stops at every station. On 17 April 2013, the commuter line operation extension to Maja in the Green Line commenced. On July 25, 2013, the economy class discontinued, leaving the Commuter class as the sole service class throughout the network.
Due to extreme crowding, unruly passengers (colloquially called Atappers) had been riding on top of the trains en masse, but that has since been brought under control with physical barriers. In July 2013, the operator introduced the Commet (Commuter Electronic Ticketing) system replacing the old paper ticket system and changing the old fare system into 'progressive fare' system, as well as modernization of all 80 serving stations.
Starting on April 1, 2015, the number of trips per day increased to 872, dominated by Bogor/Depok route and Bekasi route with 391 trips and 153 trips per day, respectively. Headway of Bogor route is 5 minutes, while Bekasi route is still 12 minutes. The Nambo line extension operation is also commenced on the same date.
In July 2015, KA Commuter Jabodetabek served more than 850,000 passengers per day, which is almost triple the 2011 figures, but still less than 3.5% of all Jabodetabek commutes. The number is targeted to reach 1.2 million passengers per day by 2019.
Three line extensions are conducted between 2015 and 2017; the extension of Pink Line to Tanjung Priok station which commenced operation on December 22, 2015, the extension of Green Line to Rangkasbitung station which commenced operation on April 1, 2017, and the extension of Blue Line to Cikarang station which commenced operation on October 8, 2017.
Until March 5, 2014, KA Commuter Jabodetabek only operates 8-car trainsets on all lines. The first operation of 10-car trainsets using 205 series electric-multiple unit formerly owned by East Japan Railway Company and operated in Saikyo Line commenced on Red Line on the same day. In 2016, the operation of 12-car trainsets commenced.
Maps Kereta Commuter Indonesia
Service routes
The modernization project in 2011 introduced 6 integrated commuter lines and 8 services which serve Greater Jakarta. The number of services has increased to 11 by 2017.
The network route map is recognized by color code and destination of final station.
Stations
List of stations
Bold: Terminus or transit stations
Italic: Closed for Commuterline, open for intercity trains
Strikethrough: Closed for all services
List of major stations
Below are the list of main and terminus stations, some of them also servicing intercity train lines.
- ^a Currently, Gambir Station doesn't serve as commuter stop, because of busy intercity train services in Gambir. Passengers who travel to areas near Merdeka Square, can depart in neighboring Gondangdia or Juanda station.
- ^b South Local trains (operated by PTKA, serving trips from Bogor to Sukabumi/Cianjur.) starts and ends from Bogor Paledang, within walking distance from Bogor station.
- ^c Duri Station is planned to be the transit for Airport Commuter Train, which will be under construction in 2014.
- ^d Pasar Senen station only serve the Jatinegara - Depok/Bogor commuter service, while the Bogor/Depok - Jatinegara service doesn't stop here.
Ticketing and fares
Passengers may purchase ticket for single or multiple journeys. Single-journey cards (Tiket Harian Berjaminan/THB) may be purchased at any ticket counters or C-VIM vending machines, available in some stations. A Rp 10,000 deposit will be levied on top of the fare to be paid in order to prevent losses for KCI, as many passengers do not return the single-journey cards. Passengers may recharge the card for the next trip, or refund the deposit at the ticket counter or vending machines in any Commuterline stations. However, if the card is not used or recharged for seven days, the card will expire and cannot be refunded.
Passengers may also purchase a ticket for multiple journeys (Kartu Multi-trip/KMT). KMT is priced at Rp 50,000 (including Rp 30,000 credit). The card has no expiry date and can be used with a minimum credit of Rp 5,000, after KCI introduced fare adjustment machines. Passengers who don't have enough credit in their KMT can top-up at fare adjustment machines or two-way ticket counters. Previously the minimum credit was Rp 13,000, based on the highest available fare in the system. The card may be topped up at the ticket counters or vending machines.
In addition to KCJ-issued cards, passengers may also purchase bank-issued cards. Unlike KCJ-issued cards which may only be used for train fares and station's park-and-ride facilities, these cards may also be used for goods and services payments at selected merchants, gas stations, TransJakarta BRT, selected parking facilities, and toll road payments. Currently Commuterline accepts Mandiri e-Money, BRIZZI, BNI TapCash, and flazz BCA.
Fares
Fare is charged by distance traveled ('progressive fare'), Rp 3,000 for the first 25 kilometers and IDR 1,000 for every the next 10 kilometers. The fare is subsidized by the Ministry of Transportation. For 2016, the government allocated Rp 1.1 trillion public service obligation to Commuterline
Prior to the introduction of distance-based fare, the fare is determined by number of stations passed. The first five stations passed is charged at Rp 3000 and every next three stations charged at Rp 1000. Between July and November 2013, the charges were lowered to Rp 2000 and Rp 500 respectively, after the government subsidized the fare. Number of passengers increased by 30% after one week of introduction of the new fares.
Rolling stock
Most of KRL Jabodetabek rolling stock are air-conditioned second-hand rail cars imported from Japan serving alongside a minority of domestically made air-conditioned cars made by Industri Kereta Api (INKA). Trains are generally formed of 6 or 8 cars, with a capacity of 80-110 passengers per car. With the arrival of the ex-Japanese JR 205 series, PT. Kereta Api Indonesia will begin operation of 10-cars-consisted trainset.
Train without air conditioning (mainly economy class) are no longer operated as KCJ (the operator) begins the single-service operation of air-conditioned for KRL Jabodetabek which means all train must be air-conditioned. One set of ex-economy class (Holec) has been retrofitted with air conditioning by INKA. Moreover, KAI (parent company of KCJ) stated that the economy class train are not feasible to use and the maintenance cost is high due to old age of train (some were made in 1976).
Toei 6000 series, began service in 2000, was the first air-conditioned train type to be scrapped in December 2015. They are replaced by a huge influx of newer secondhand 205 series trains.
Since 1 January 2016, the ex-JR East 103 series were also have been retired.
Non-air-conditioned rolling stock (all retired since 2013)
- KRL Ekonomi BN-Holec (retired, some modified to become diesel commuter trains)
- KRL Ekonomi Rheostat (scrapped or stored)
- KRL Hitachi (scrapped or stored)
- KRL ABB Hyundai (retired, some modified to become diesel commuter trains)
Air-conditioned rolling stock
- 103 series (ex-JNR/JR rolling stock, retired in January 2016 and scrapped in 2017)
- 203 series (ex-JR East rolling stock)
- 205 series (ex-JR East rolling stock)
- Toei 6000 series (ex-Toei Mita Line rolling stock, retired in 2016)
- Tokyu 8000 series (ex-Tokyu rolling stock)
- Tokyu 8500 series (ex-Tokyu rolling stock)
- T?y? Rapid 1000 series (ex-T?y? Rapid Railway rolling stock)
- Tokyo Metro 05 series (ex-Tokyo Metro T?zai Line rolling stock)
- Tokyo Metro 5000 series (ex-Tokyo Metro T?zai Line rolling stock)
- Tokyo Metro 6000 series (ex-Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line rolling stock)
- Tokyo Metro 7000 series (ex-Tokyo Metro Y?rakuch? Line rolling stock)
- KRLI (PT. INKA, retired in 2015 and scrapped in 2017)
- KRL i9000 (INKA in cooperation with Bombardier with financing by KfW)
- KRL Holec AC (former KRL Ekonomi Holec trains retrofitted with AC from 1994 to 2001, currently suspended)
Incidents and accidents
- 23 September 2015 - A collision between two electric trains (KRL 1154 and KRL 1156 which are the former 205 series rolling stock units) at Juanda Station
- 9 December 2013 - A collision of KRL Serpong-Jakarta with Pertamina tanker truck at the Bintaro Permai intersection, Tangerang.
- 20 May 1999 - Universitas Indonesia student killed by the KRL in Pondok Cina.
Gallery
Rolling stock
Stations
See also
- Transport in Indonesia
- Rail transport in Indonesia
- Jakarta MRT
- Jakarta LRT
References
External links
Media related to KRL Jabotabek at Wikimedia Commons
- KRL Jabotabek website (in Indonesian)
- Jabotabek Railnews (in Japanese)
- KRL Jabodetabek (in Japanese)
- KRL-Mania - KRL Jabotabek community site (in Indonesian)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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