Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia (Indonesian Scout Movement) is the national Scouting organization of Indonesia. Scouting was founded in the Dutch East Indies in 1912, and Indonesia became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1953. It has 17,103,793 members (as of 2011), making it the world's largest Scout association. Each year August 14 is celebrated as Pramuka Day to honor the organization's first public parade.
The name Pramuka was derived from the acronym of "Praja muda karana", Sanskrit meaning "young people willing to work".
Video Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia
History
Scouting came to Indonesia in 1912, as a branch of the Nederlandse Padvinders Organisatie (NPO, Netherlands Pathfinder Organisation). After 1916 it was called the Nederland Indische Padvinders Vereeniging (Netherlands Indies Scout Movement). Other Scouting organizations were established by the Indonesia Scouts in 1916. As the Dutch East Indies, Indonesia had been a branch of the Netherlands Scout Association, yet Scouting was very popular, and had achieved great numbers and standards.
When Indonesia became an independent country, there were more than 60 separate Boy Scout and Girl Guide organizations. Most were directly affiliated with some certain political parties or social groups. Attempts were made to unify all Scout organizations into one. The fact that Indonesia is made up of many islands made administration and supervision difficult, and the Japanese occupation caused some twenty separate Scout organizations to spring up, and it took time for them to coalesce. In September 1951 thirteen of the stronger Scout and Guide organizations nationwide met and decided to found a federating body to satisfy national and international needs. Ikatan Pandu Indonesia (Ipindo) came into being. Government approval of Ipindo was granted on February 22, 1952, and President Sukarno consented to become patron of the unifying and correlating National Scout Council. Indonesia has been a member of WOSM since 1953.
With the 1961 decision to absorb the Fadjar Harapan Pioneer movement organization (founded in 1959), the establishment of a single Scout Movement organization in Indonesia called "Gerakan Pramuka" was officially complete. In May 1961, the then President of Indonesia, Sukarno, signed a presidential regulation making Gerakan Pramuka the official Scout and Guide organization in Indonesia.
Gerakan Pramuka is a former member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, having left WAGGGS and added the girls' program to WOSM also in 2002.
After Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, other Indonesian recipients of the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, include Abdul Azis Saleh in 1978, John Beng Kiat Liem in 1982 and retired Lieutenant General Mashudi in 1985.
In July 2017, the Indonesian government suspended support for Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia after Adhyaksa Dault expressed support for Hizb-ut Tahrir, as Hizb-ut Tahrir is against Indonesia's legislative foundation of Pancasila, an ideology based on a multi-faith democracy. Financial assistance was suspended pending clarification from Adhyaksa Dault over his presence at a Hizb-ut Tahrir rally in 2013 and interview to a Hizb-ut Tahrir videographer expressing "Caliphate is the teaching of the Prophet. If God is willing, with or without our help, the caliphate will rise. Our ways may be different but our goal is the same. That is why I'm here. We keep making small changes. We have to make big changes. World order must be changed. We must impose sharia."
Maps Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia
Program
The Indonesia Scout Movement incorporates both boys and girls. It is an educational movement through Scouting activities, the education being directed toward a new, just, peaceful and prosperous Indonesian community based on the national ideology. Activities of the boys and girls are conducted separately from one another. They have joint activities whenever possible and necessary. Management of the Scout Movement is carried out by the National Headquarters.
Education for young members is carried out through activities to achieve General Skill Requirements (Syarat Kecakapan Umum/SKU) and Special Skill Requirements (Syarat Kecakapan Khusus/SKK) (merit badge system) towards achieving Garuda Scout.
To achieve the goals of Scouting, activities are carried out on the group and national level. Routine activities are focused on the development of character, patriotism, physical fitness, skill and intelligence of the Scouts themselves which are very important for their future life. Activities of the special troops are organized in order to develop specific personal interest and talent and enable them to serve the community with the knowledge, ability and skill he/she have learned.
The Scouts take an active part in community development service projects. They take an active part in combating illiteracy. The success of the campaign against illiteracy in one province, gained the Scouts worldwide recognition and won them a UNESCO award.
The Scouts also participate in the drive to improve health and nutrition in the community, especially children under five years of age. Acting as extension workers, they practice how to raise cattle, fish, breed hens and grow vegetables.
The Scout emblem incorporates the seed of the coconut palm, a common native Indonesian plant and all parts of which are used in Indonesian everyday life, symbolizing the philosophy of a true Scout, who must make him or herself useful in all aspects of life. The seed form represents the growing spirit, physical toughness, adaptability, and high aspiration of the Scout. The logo is in maroon.
Age groups
Gerakan Pramuka is divided in two major educational groups: the member section and the adult section. The first is divided in further age-groups with different educational systems, the second provides the leaders and supports the younger members.
The age-groups are:
- Cub Scouts ("Pramuka Siaga") ages 7 to 10, or equal to elementary school's 1st-3rd grade, consists of:
- Siaga Mula
- Siaga Bantu
- Siaga Tata
- Scouts ("Pramuka Penggalang") - ages 11 to 15, or equal to elementary school's 4th-6th grade and junior high school's 7th-9th grade, consists of:
- Penggalang Ramu
- Penggalang Rakit
- Penggalang Terap
- Rover Scouts ("Pramuka Penegak") - ages 16 to 20, or equal to senior high school's 10th-12th grade, consists of:
- Penegak Bantara
- Penegak Laksana
- Venture Scouts ("Pramuka Pandega") - ages 21 to 25, or equal to academy/university students.
- Adult members - ages 26 and older
Awards
Activities are mainly carried out to achieve advancement through the Syarat kecakapan Umum (SKU) or Advancement Badge and Syarat Kecakapan Khusus (TKK) or Merit Badge system. The highest rank in each age group is Pramuka Garuda (Eagle Scout).
Rover and Venture Scout Special Unit
In Pramuka, there are Rover and Venture Scouts Special Units called Satuan Karya (SAKA). In those units, the Rovers and Ventures are able to learn various skills to be specialist that are useful for their future careers as well as to provide services to the community. There are ten different units:
- Law Enforcement Special Unit (Saka Bayangkara) - in coordination with the Indonesian National Police and the Civil Service Police Units
- Air Mindedness Special Unit (Saka Dirgantara) - in coordination with the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Ministry of Transportation
- Sea and Maritime Special Unit (Saka Bahari) - in coordination with the Indonesian National Armed Forces, the Ministry of Transportation and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
- Health Care And Services Special Unit (Saka Bakti Husada) - in coordination with the Ministry of Health
- Population And Family Planning Special Unit (Saka Kencana/Saka Keluarga Berencana) - in coordination with the Ministry of Health
- Plantation And Agriculture Special Unit (Saka Taruna Bumi) - in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture
- Forest Preserver Special Unit (Saka Wana Bakti) - in coordination with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry
- Homeland Defense Special Unit (Saka Wira Kartika) - in coordination with the Indonesian National Armed Forces
- Tourism Guides Special Unit (Saka Pariwisata) - in coordination with the National Police, Civil Service Police and the Ministry of Tourism
- Education and Culture Special Unit (Saka Widya Budaya Bakti) - in coordination with the Ministry of Education and Culture
- Environment Special Unit (Saka Kalpataru) - in coordination with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry
- Information and Communications Technology Special Troop (Saka Telematika) - in coordination with the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
Scout Law (Dasa Dharma)
- Believe in God the Almighty
- Preserve nature and love each other
- Be an affable and knightly patriot
- Be obedient and collegial
- Help others with compliance and resilience
- Be diligent, skilled and cheerful
- Be provident and simple
- Exercise discipline, be brave and faithful
- Be accountable and trustworthy
- Have purity in mind, word and act
Scout Promise (Tri Satya)
On My Honour, I promise that I will do my best to:
- Fulfill my obligation to God and the Republic of Indonesia, and to obey Pancasila
- Help other people and get involved in community building
- Obey the Scout Law.
Councils
Gerakan Pramuka operates and maintains 34 councils kwartir, each corresponding to provincial borders and a National Council for top-level staff and employees.
National Special Scout Jamborees
A National Special Scout Jamboree is held every five years for disabled Scouts. The seventh National Special Scouts Jamboree was held in 2007, in East Jakarta. The first jamboree of this sort to be held in Indonesia was in 1972.
International units in Indonesia
In addition, there are American Boy Scouts in Jakarta and Balikpapan, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world.
See also
- Bung Tomo
- Hamengkubuwono IX, former Vice President and founder of the GPI
- Paskibraka
References
Further reading
- Scouting 'Round the World, John S. Wilson, first edition, Blandford Press 1959
External links
- Official website (in Indonesian)
- Situs Pramuka Indonesia
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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